Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus:

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There are 3 types od diabete:

These are 1. TYpe 1

                 2.Type 2

                 3.Type3

I.nsulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that allows your body to use sugar (glucose) from carbohydrates in the food that you eat for energy or to store glucose for future use. Insulin helps keeps your blood sugar level from getting too high (hyperglycemia) or too low (hypoglycemia)

INSULIN

INSULIN:

Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that allows your body to use sugar (glucose) from carbohydrates in the food that you eat for energy or to store glucose for future use. Insulin helps keeps your blood sugar level from getting too high (hyperglycemia) or too low (hypoglycemia).

Insulin is a naturally-occurring hormone secreted by the pancreas. Insulin is required by the cells of the body in order for them to remove and use glucose from the blood.
Diabetes occurs due to the insufficiency of insulin production.There are 3 types of diabetic which are the cause of the increase in diabetics patient.
The types of diabetes are 1.Diabetes 1,2,3.
Diabetic retinopathy occurs in the eye, Diabetes type 1 occurs in the reduction of insulin, and diabetes 2 occurs for high glucose level,,,

   

Foods for diabetic patients

What type foods diabetic patients can eat?

A diabetic diet A diabetic dietis a dietary pattern that is used by people with diabetes mellitus or high blood glucose to manage diabetes.

Refrigerator

• Fresh fruit (a few of your favorites)
• Fresh vegetables (a few of your favorites - focus mostly on non-starchy vegetables)
• Skim milk, 1% low-fat milk, or unsweetened soy milk (whatever you prefer)
• Nonfat or low-fat yogurt
• Eggs or egg substitute
• Cottage cheese
• Reduced-fat cheese
• Fresh meat, poultry, or fish that you'll use in the next few days
• Trans-free margarine or margarine with plant sterols or stanols

Freezer

• Frozen fruit
• Frozen vegetables
• Frozen fish fillets or shellfish
• Frozen chicken breasts (boneless, skinless)

Spice cabinet

Balsamic vinegar or other vinegars that you cook with (for example, white wine, rice, or cider vinegar)
Pepper
Salt-free spices – your favorites
Salt-free dried herbs or spice blends
Cooking spray
Vegetable oil
Olive oil
Pantry
Canned vegetables
Canned fruit (canned in juice, if available)
Canned beans
Fat-free refried beans
Canned tuna or salmon
Instant oatmeal or quick oats
Whole grain cereal (unsweetened)
Brown rice or other whole grains (such as quinoa, bulgur, or whole grain barley)
Pasta (try whole wheat)
100% whole wheat bread or pita bread
Dried fruit
Unsalted nuts
Natural peanut butter or another nut butter
Seeds (sunflower, flax)
Popcorn (light, microwave)
Potatoes (white or sweet)
Spaghetti sauce

Diabetes Insipidus

Diabetes Insipidus

Most people have heard of the two main types of diabetes. But did you know the name has nothing to do with high blood sugar? It's a general term for any condition that causes your body to make a lot of urine.

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Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare disorder that can occur as a consequence of histiocytosis involving the pituitary gland.  It should not be confused with the more common diabetes mellitus.

Gestational Diabetes

Gestational Diabetes

Diabetes that's triggered by pregnancy is called gestational diabetes (pregnancy, to some degree, leads to insulin resistance). It is often diagnosed in middle or late pregnancy. Because high blood sugar levels in a mother are circulated through the placenta to the baby, gestational diabetes must be controlled to protect the baby's growth and development.

According to the National Institutes of Health, the reported rate of gestational diabetes is between 2% to 10% of pregnancies. Gestational diabetes usually resolves itself after pregnancy. Having gestational diabetes does, however, put mothers at risk for developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Up to 10% of women with gestational diabetes develop type 2 diabetes. It can occur anywhere from a few weeks after delivery to months or years later.

With gestational diabetes, risks to the unborn baby are even greater than risks to the mother. Risks to the baby include abnormal weight gain before birth, breathing problems at birth, and higher obesity and diabetes risk later in life. Risks to the mother include needing a cesarean section due to an overly large baby, as well as damage to heart, kidney, nerves, and eye.

 

Treatment during pregnancy includes working closely with your health care team and:

• Careful meal planning to ensure adequate pregnancy nutrients without excess fat and calories.

• Daily exercise.

• Controlling pregnancy weight gain.

• Taking diabetes insulin to control blood sugar levels if needed.

Type 2 DM

Type 2 diabetes 

 used to be called adult-onset diabetes, but with the epidemic of obese and overweight kids, more teenagers are now developing type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes was also called non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes is often a milder form of diabetes than type 1. Nevertheless, type 2 diabetes can still cause major health complications, particularly in the smallest blood vessels in the body that nourish the kidneys, nerves, and eyes. Type 2 diabetes also increases your risk of heart disease and stroke.

With Type 2 diabetes, the pancreas usually produces some insulin. But either the amount produced is not enough for the body's needs, or the body's cells are resistant to it. Insulin resistance, or lack of sensitivity to insulin, happens primarily in fat, liver, and muscle cells.

People who are obese -- more than 20% over their ideal body weight for their height -- are at particularly high risk of developing type 2 diabetes and its related medical problems. Obese people have insulin resistance. With insulin resistance, the pancreas has to work overly hard to produce more insulin. But even then, there is not enough insulin to keep sugars normal.

There is no cure for diabetes. Type 2 diabetes can, however, be controlled with weight management, nutrition, and exercise. Unfortunately, type 2 diabetes tends to progress, and diabetes medications are often needed.

An A1C test is a blood test that estimates average glucose levels in your blood over the previous three months. Periodic A1C testing may be advised to see how well diet, exercise, and medications are working to control blood sugar and prevent organ damage. The A1C test is typically done a few times a year.

Treatment DM1

Treatment DM1

Treatment for type 1 diabetes involves taking insulin, which needs to be injected through the skin into the fatty tissue below. The methods of injecting insulin include:

• Syringes

• Insulin pens that use pre-filled cartridges and a fine needle

• Jet injectors that use high pressure air to send a spray of insulin through the skin

• Insulin pumps that dispense insulin through flexible tubing to a catheter under the skin of the abdomen

       

  

symptoms of DM

Common symptoms of diabetes mellitus:

 You think that you have diabetes, visit your doctor immediately for a definite diagnosis. Common symptoms include the following:

• Frequent urination

• Excessive thirst

• Unexplained weight loss

• Extreme hunger

• Sudden vision changes

• Tingling or numbness in the hands or feet

• Feeling very tired much of the time

• Very dry skin

• Sores that are slow to heal

• More infections than usual