Job Skills:

                                To know more click here

The top 10 skills that'll get you a job when you graduate:

Have you got the key skills graduate employers look for? You'll need to give examples of these essential competencies in your job applications and interviews to impress recruiters and get hired.

Graduate employers place a lot of emphasis on finding candidates with the right skills and competencies for their organisations. Depending on the career sector and profession you choose to work in, there could be very specific skills, abilities and knowledge needed to do the job. However, complementing these are general competencies and behaviours that are essential for successful working. These are the key employability skills – the core skills that will make you effective at work, whatever job you do. They are sometimes known as transferable skills because you develop them over time and take them with you as your career develops; think of them as your passport to career success. You'll need to draw on your work experience to give evidence of these skills.

The top ten skills graduate recruiters want

1. Commercial awareness (or business acumen)

This is about knowing how a business or industry works and what makes a company tick. Showing that you have an understanding of what the organisation wants to achieve through its products and services, and how it competes in its marketplace.

Read more about how to show your commercial awareness

2. Communication

This covers verbal and written communication, and listening. It's about being clear, concise and focused; being able to tailor your message for the audience and listening to the views of others.

Read more about communication skills

ADVERTISE HERE

3. Teamwork

You'll need to prove that you're a team player but also have the ability to manage and delegate to others and take on responsibility. It's about building positive working relationships that help everyone to achieve goals and business objectives.

Read more about teamwork

4. Negotiation and persuasion

This is about being able to set out what you want to achieve and how, but also being able to understand where the other person is coming from so that you can both get what you want or need and feel positive about it.

5. Problem solving

You need to display an ability to take a logical and analytical approach to solving problems and resolving issues. It's also good to show that you can approach problems from different angles.

Read more about problem solving

6. Leadership

You may not be a manager straight away, but graduates need to show potential to motivate teams and other colleagues that may work for them. It's about assigning and delegating tasks well, setting deadlines and leading by good example.

Read more about leadership skills

7. Organisation

This is about showing that you can prioritise, work efficiently and productively, and manage your time well. It's also good to be able to show employers how you decide what is important to focus on and get done, and how you go about meeting deadlines.

Read more about time management

8. Perseverance and motivation

Employers want people to have a bit of get-up-and-go. Working life presents many challenges and you need to show employers that you're the kind of person who will find a way through, even when the going gets tough... and stay cheerful-ish.

Read more about perseverance, motivation and resilience

9. Ability to work under pressure

This is about keeping calm in a crisis and not becoming too overwhelmed or stressed.

Read more about how to answer questions about handling stress at interview

10. Confidence

In the workplace you need to strike the balance of being confident in yourself but not arrogant, but also have confidence in your colleagues and the company you work for.

Read about how to boost your confidence before a job interview

Other key skills that graduate recruiters look for

The 2017 annual report from the Institute of Student Employers (ISE), formerly known as the Association of Graduate Recruiters (AGR), identified a new key skill that is in short supply among graduate hires: managing up, which means building a positive relationship with your manager and providing support so that you can work effectively together to meet the goals of the organisation. ISE members who took part in its annual survey, including many big graduate recruiters, reported that only 4% of their graduate hires could offer this skill at the point of hiring. Another skill which is important to recruiters is dealing with conflict, something the ISE survey found that only one in ten graduate hires is already able to do.

On the positive front, graduate employers expect to provide training to their graduate hires to make up any shortfall in soft skills. According to ISE, most employers believe that most key soft skills can be learnt within a year.

EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS

Generally speaking, there are eight skills that employers want you to have, no matter what industry you're working in:

• Communication.
• Teamwork.
• Problem-solving.
• Initiative and enterprise.
• Planning and organizing.
• Self-management.
• Learning.
• Technology

                                                To know more click here

1. Communication

Depending on the job, communication is about being a good talker or a good writer. It involves being confident about speaking to people (face-to-face or over the phone). It also involves writing well enough to be understood in emails and memos.

Examples of ways that you can develop or improve your communication skills include:

• writing assignments and reports as part of your studies
• blogging or using social media
• making oral presentations as part of your class work
• working in customer service (face-to-face or on the phone)
• volunteering to host a community radio program.

2. Teamwork

Teamwork means being good at working with people - both the people you work with and other people that come into contact with your organisation.

Examples of ways that you can develop or improve your teamwork skills include:

• doing group assignments as part of your studies
• volunteering for a community organisation
• thinking about how you can work better with other people at your workplace
• joining a local sporting team.

3. Problem solving

Problem solving is about being able to find solutions when faced with difficulties or setbacks. Even if you can’t think of a solution straight away, you need to have a logical process for figuring things out.

Examples of ways you can develop or improve your problem solving skills include:

• doing research assignments as part of your studies
• dealing with complaints at your workplace
• doing a study skills course that looks at problem solving
• talking to other people about how they solved the problems they faced.

4. Initiative and enterprise

Initiative and enterprise are about being able to think creatively and to make improvements to the way things are. They're also about looking at the bigger picture and how the way you work fits into that.

Examples of ways you can develop or improve your initiative and enterprise skills include:

• approaching organisations and businesses about work placements or internships
• setting up a fundraiser in your community
• making or proposing changes to the way a group you belong to does things.

5. Planning and organising

Planning and organising are about things like working out what is required to get a job done, and then working out when and how you'll do it. They're also about things like developing project timelines and meeting deadlines.

Examples of ways you can develop or improve your planning and organising skills include:

• developing a study timetable and sticking to it
• organising some independent travel
• managing your time around work, study and family commitments
• helping to organize a community event
• doing chores regularly around your home.

6. Self-management

Self-management is about getting on with your work without someone having to check up on you every five minutes. You should also be able to stay on top of your own deadlines and be able to delegate tasks to other people to make sure things get done on time.

Examples of ways that you can develop or improve your self-management skills include:

• doing a work experience placement or internship
• asking for new responsibilities at work
• developing a study schedule and sticking to it
• joining a volunteer organization.

7. Learning

Learning is about wanting to understand new things and being able to pick them up quickly. It's also about being able to take on new tasks and to adapt when the way things are done in the workplace change.

Examples of ways to develop or improve your learning skills include:

• doing a short course or online course
• doing some research on learning skills and learner types
• starting a new hobby
• joining a sporting or volunteer group.

8. Technology

General technology skills that employers want include things like being able to use a computer for word processing and sending email, or knowing how to use a photocopier.

Some more specific technology skills related to software, like using social media, working with design or video editing software or knowing programming languages. Other technology skills relate to hardware, like knowing how to use EFTPOS, a cash register, a photocopier or scanner, a camera or a recording studio.

Examples of ways to develop or improve your technical skills include:

• doing a short course or online course
• asking for extra training at work
• finding out what technology is used in the job you want and researching its use
• identifying the technology you're already using in your day-to-day life.

Using your employability skills

Now that you've identified the employability skills you have and ways you can improve them, you're all set to use them in your job applications.

To find out more about applying for jobs, including how to write a resume or cover letter, check out our Applying for jobs pages.

For more information about the job seeking process, you can also check out our How to find a job and Job interviews sections.

Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus:

Click here to know more

There are 3 types od diabete:

These are 1. TYpe 1

                 2.Type 2

                 3.Type3

I.nsulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that allows your body to use sugar (glucose) from carbohydrates in the food that you eat for energy or to store glucose for future use. Insulin helps keeps your blood sugar level from getting too high (hyperglycemia) or too low (hypoglycemia)

INSULIN

INSULIN:

Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that allows your body to use sugar (glucose) from carbohydrates in the food that you eat for energy or to store glucose for future use. Insulin helps keeps your blood sugar level from getting too high (hyperglycemia) or too low (hypoglycemia).

Insulin is a naturally-occurring hormone secreted by the pancreas. Insulin is required by the cells of the body in order for them to remove and use glucose from the blood.
Diabetes occurs due to the insufficiency of insulin production.There are 3 types of diabetic which are the cause of the increase in diabetics patient.
The types of diabetes are 1.Diabetes 1,2,3.
Diabetic retinopathy occurs in the eye, Diabetes type 1 occurs in the reduction of insulin, and diabetes 2 occurs for high glucose level,,,

   

Foods for diabetic patients

What type foods diabetic patients can eat?

A diabetic diet A diabetic dietis a dietary pattern that is used by people with diabetes mellitus or high blood glucose to manage diabetes.

Refrigerator

• Fresh fruit (a few of your favorites)
• Fresh vegetables (a few of your favorites - focus mostly on non-starchy vegetables)
• Skim milk, 1% low-fat milk, or unsweetened soy milk (whatever you prefer)
• Nonfat or low-fat yogurt
• Eggs or egg substitute
• Cottage cheese
• Reduced-fat cheese
• Fresh meat, poultry, or fish that you'll use in the next few days
• Trans-free margarine or margarine with plant sterols or stanols

Freezer

• Frozen fruit
• Frozen vegetables
• Frozen fish fillets or shellfish
• Frozen chicken breasts (boneless, skinless)

Spice cabinet

Balsamic vinegar or other vinegars that you cook with (for example, white wine, rice, or cider vinegar)
Pepper
Salt-free spices – your favorites
Salt-free dried herbs or spice blends
Cooking spray
Vegetable oil
Olive oil
Pantry
Canned vegetables
Canned fruit (canned in juice, if available)
Canned beans
Fat-free refried beans
Canned tuna or salmon
Instant oatmeal or quick oats
Whole grain cereal (unsweetened)
Brown rice or other whole grains (such as quinoa, bulgur, or whole grain barley)
Pasta (try whole wheat)
100% whole wheat bread or pita bread
Dried fruit
Unsalted nuts
Natural peanut butter or another nut butter
Seeds (sunflower, flax)
Popcorn (light, microwave)
Potatoes (white or sweet)
Spaghetti sauce

Diabetes Insipidus

Diabetes Insipidus

Most people have heard of the two main types of diabetes. But did you know the name has nothing to do with high blood sugar? It's a general term for any condition that causes your body to make a lot of urine.

To know more click here

Diabetes insipidus (DI) is a rare disorder that can occur as a consequence of histiocytosis involving the pituitary gland.  It should not be confused with the more common diabetes mellitus.

Gestational Diabetes

Gestational Diabetes

Diabetes that's triggered by pregnancy is called gestational diabetes (pregnancy, to some degree, leads to insulin resistance). It is often diagnosed in middle or late pregnancy. Because high blood sugar levels in a mother are circulated through the placenta to the baby, gestational diabetes must be controlled to protect the baby's growth and development.

According to the National Institutes of Health, the reported rate of gestational diabetes is between 2% to 10% of pregnancies. Gestational diabetes usually resolves itself after pregnancy. Having gestational diabetes does, however, put mothers at risk for developing type 2 diabetes later in life. Up to 10% of women with gestational diabetes develop type 2 diabetes. It can occur anywhere from a few weeks after delivery to months or years later.

With gestational diabetes, risks to the unborn baby are even greater than risks to the mother. Risks to the baby include abnormal weight gain before birth, breathing problems at birth, and higher obesity and diabetes risk later in life. Risks to the mother include needing a cesarean section due to an overly large baby, as well as damage to heart, kidney, nerves, and eye.

 

Treatment during pregnancy includes working closely with your health care team and:

• Careful meal planning to ensure adequate pregnancy nutrients without excess fat and calories.

• Daily exercise.

• Controlling pregnancy weight gain.

• Taking diabetes insulin to control blood sugar levels if needed.

Type 2 DM

Type 2 diabetes 

 used to be called adult-onset diabetes, but with the epidemic of obese and overweight kids, more teenagers are now developing type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes was also called non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes is often a milder form of diabetes than type 1. Nevertheless, type 2 diabetes can still cause major health complications, particularly in the smallest blood vessels in the body that nourish the kidneys, nerves, and eyes. Type 2 diabetes also increases your risk of heart disease and stroke.

With Type 2 diabetes, the pancreas usually produces some insulin. But either the amount produced is not enough for the body's needs, or the body's cells are resistant to it. Insulin resistance, or lack of sensitivity to insulin, happens primarily in fat, liver, and muscle cells.

People who are obese -- more than 20% over their ideal body weight for their height -- are at particularly high risk of developing type 2 diabetes and its related medical problems. Obese people have insulin resistance. With insulin resistance, the pancreas has to work overly hard to produce more insulin. But even then, there is not enough insulin to keep sugars normal.

There is no cure for diabetes. Type 2 diabetes can, however, be controlled with weight management, nutrition, and exercise. Unfortunately, type 2 diabetes tends to progress, and diabetes medications are often needed.

An A1C test is a blood test that estimates average glucose levels in your blood over the previous three months. Periodic A1C testing may be advised to see how well diet, exercise, and medications are working to control blood sugar and prevent organ damage. The A1C test is typically done a few times a year.

Treatment DM1

Treatment DM1

Treatment for type 1 diabetes involves taking insulin, which needs to be injected through the skin into the fatty tissue below. The methods of injecting insulin include:

• Syringes

• Insulin pens that use pre-filled cartridges and a fine needle

• Jet injectors that use high pressure air to send a spray of insulin through the skin

• Insulin pumps that dispense insulin through flexible tubing to a catheter under the skin of the abdomen

       

  

symptoms of DM

Common symptoms of diabetes mellitus:

 You think that you have diabetes, visit your doctor immediately for a definite diagnosis. Common symptoms include the following:

• Frequent urination

• Excessive thirst

• Unexplained weight loss

• Extreme hunger

• Sudden vision changes

• Tingling or numbness in the hands or feet

• Feeling very tired much of the time

• Very dry skin

• Sores that are slow to heal

• More infections than usual

Types of Diabetes Mellitus

Types of Diabetes:

There are 3 types of diabetes these are,

1. Type 1 DM

2. Type 2 DM

3. Gestational Diabetes.

Explanation:

Type 1 DM

disease that results in autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas,metabolic disorder that is characterized by high blood glucose in the context of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency.

Type 2 DM

type 2 diabetes is one of the "diseases of affluence", which include mostly chronic non-communicable diseases for which personal lifestyles and societal conditions associated with economic development are believed to be important risk factor Gestational diabetes, is a temporary condition that is first diagnosed during pregnancy. 

Gestational Diabetes

Like type 1 and type 2 diabetes, gestational diabetes causes blood sugar levels to become too high.It involves an increased risk of developing diabetes for both mother and child.

Academic presentation

BMI

Body Mass Index Table

 

Body Mass Index Table 1 of 2

	Normal						Overweight					Obese
BMI	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32	33	34	35
Height (inches)	Body Weight (pounds)
58	91	96	100	105	110	115	119	124	129	134	138	143	148	153	158	162	167
59	94	99	104	109	114	119	124	128	133	138	143	148	153	158	163	168	173
60	97	102	107	112	118	123	128	133	138	143	148	153	158	163	168	174	179
61	100	106	111	116	122	127	132	137	143	148	153	158	164	169	174	180	185
62	104	109	115	120	126	131	136	142	147	153	158	164	169	175	180	186	191
63	107	113	118	124	130	135	141	146	152	158	163	169	175	180	186	191	197
64	110	116	122	128	134	140	145	151	157	163	169	174	180	186	192	197	204
65	114	120	126	132	138	144	150	156	162	168	174	180	186	192	198	204	210
66	118	124	130	136	142	148	155	161	167	173	179	186	192	198	204	210	216
67	121	127	134	140	146	153	159	166	172	178	185	191	198	204	211	217	223
68	125	131	138	144	151	158	164	171	177	184	190	197	203	210	216	223	230
69	128	135	142	149	155	162	169	176	182	189	196	203	209	216	223	230	236
70	132	139	146	153	160	167	174	181	188	195	202	209	216	222	229	236	243
71	136	143	150	157	165	172	179	186	193	200	208	215	222	229	236	243	250
72	140	147	154	162	169	177	184	191	199	206	213	221	228	235	242	250	258
73	144	151	159	166	174	182	189	197	204	212	219	227	235	242	250	257	265
74	148	155	163	171	179	186	194	202	210	218	225	233	241	249	256	264	272
75	152	160	168	176	184	192	200	208	216	224	232	240	248	256	264	272	279
76	156	164	172	180	189	197	205	213	221	230	238	246	254	263	271	279	287

Body Mass Index Table 2 of 2

Source: Adapted from Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults: The Evidence Report. National Institutes of Health, 1998.

	Obese				Extreme Obesity
BMI	36	37	38	39	40	41	42	43	44	45	46	47	48	49	50	51	52	53	54
Height (inches)	Body Weight (pounds)
58	172	177	181	186	191	196	201	205	210	215	220	224	229	234	239	244	248	253	258
59	178	183	188	193	198	203	208	212	217	222	227	232	237	242	247	252	257	262	267
60	184	189	194	199	204	209	215	220	225	230	235	240	245	250	255	261	266	271	276
61	190	195	201	206	211	217	222	227	232	238	243	248	254	259	264	269	275	280	285
62	196	202	207	213	218	224	229	235	240	246	251	256	262	267	273	278	284	289	295
63	203	208	214	220	225	231	237	242	248	254	259	265	270	278	282	287	293	299	304
64	209	215	221	227	232	238	244	250	256	262	267	273	279	285	291	296	302	308	314
65	216	222	228	234	240	246	252	258	264	270	276	282	288	294	300	306	312	318	324
66	223	229	235	241	247	253	260	266	272	278	284	291	297	303	309	315	322	328	334
67	230	236	242	249	255	261	268	274	280	287	293	299	306	312	319	325	331	338	344
68	236	243	249	256	262	269	276	282	289	295	302	308	315	322	328	335	341	348	354
69	243	250	257	263	270	277	284	291	297	304	311	318	324	331	338	345	351	358	365
70	250	257	264	271	278	285	292	299	306	313	320	327	334	341	348	355	362	369	376
71	257	265	272	279	286	293	301	308	315	322	329	338	343	351	358	365	372	379	386
72	265	272	279	287	294	302	309	316	324	331	338	346	353	361	368	375	383	390	397
73	272	280	288	295	302	310	318	325	333	340	348	355	363	371	378	386	393	401	408
74	280	287	295	303	311	319	326	334	342	350	358	365	373	381	389	396	404	412	420
75	287	295	303	311	319	327	335	343	351	359	367	375	383	391	399	407	415	423	431
76	295	304	312	320	328	336	344	353	361	369	377	385	394	402	410	418	426	435	443

If you are overweight or obese, choose sensible ways to get in shape:

• Avoid crash diets. Instead, eat less of the foods you usually have. Limit the amount of fat you eat.
• Increase your physical activity. Aim for at least 30 minutes of physical activity most days of the week.
• Set a reasonable weight-loss goal, such as losing 1 pound a week. Aim for a long-term goal of losing 5 to 7 percent of your total body weight. To estimate this amount in pounds, find the weight closest to yours on the chart below. Follow the row across to see how many pounds you need to lose.

To find your exact weight loss goal, multiply .05 by your weight in pounds to find your 5 percent goal; multiply .07 by your weight to find your 7 percent goal.

Your weight in pounds	5 percent loss in pounds	7 percent loss in pounds
150	8	11
175	9	12
200	10	14
225	11	16
250	13	18
275	14	19
		21
325	16	23
350